Welcome to FFJC’s digital library of resources related to fines and fees, also known as the Clearinghouse. Our repository of research and tools is curated and summarized by our Policy and Research team and includes key fines and fees research, litigation, legislation, policy analysis and guidance, and case studies. Use the search features below to find the information you need to drive reform.

E.g., ‘impacts of fines and fees’
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Debt Sentence: How Fines And Fees Hurt Working Families

This report shares the results of a national survey of over 5,600 adults to see how court-imposed fines and fees affect people across the country.

Debt Sentence: How Fines And Fees Hurt Working Families

The Road to Debtors’ Probation: How Criminalizing Traffic Violations Increases State Control and Inequality in Georgia
The Road to Debtors’ Probation: How Criminalizing Traffic Violations Increases State Control and Inequality in Georgia

In Georgia, nearly all traffic offenses are classified as misdemeanors, unlike most states that treat them as civil offenses. This study examines how Georgia’s practice of classify…
Research & Data / Georgia / July 17, 2025
Brittany T. Martin, Amairini Sanchez, and Andrea Giuffree

The Impact of Legal Debt on Perceptions of Procedural Justice, Legal Cynicism, and Legitimacy In People Sentenced to Misdemeanor Private Probation
The Impact of Legal Debt on Perceptions of Procedural Justice, Legal Cynicism, and Legitimacy In People Sentenced to Misdemeanor Private Probation

In Georgia, courts are permitted to contract with private probation companies to supervise individuals’ sentences for minor offenses or simply because they cannot pay their f…
Research & Data / Georgia / May 01, 2025
Marshall Lorraine White

From Barriers to Bridges: How Fines and Fees Reform Can Help Boost Economic Security
From Barriers to Bridges: How Fines and Fees Reform Can Help Boost Economic Security

In Georgia, fines and fees imposed by state and local governments in the criminal legal system are a barrier to economic security. This report by the Georgia Budget and Policy Inst…
Research & Data / Georgia / December 20, 2024
Ray Khalfani and Ife Flinch Floyd

The Public Harm Under a For-Profit Probation System: Spotlight on Augusta
The Public Harm Under a For-Profit Probation System: Spotlight on Augusta

In Georgia, traffic and minor offenses often carry fines and fees that many residents cannot afford to pay upfront, which may result in being placed on “pay-only” misdemeanor proba…
Research & Data / Georgia / December 10, 2024
Ray Khalfani

Fact Sheet: Unpacking The Latest Fines and Fees Trends Across Georgia
Fact Sheet: Unpacking The Latest Fines and Fees Trends Across Georgia

In Georgia, local governments that rely heavily on fines and fees end up criminalizing residents who struggle to pay, with the burden falling hardest on communities with high pover…
Research & Data, Tools / Georgia / September 10, 2024
Ray Khalfani

State v. Brophy
State v. Brophy

Issues 1. Is the protection provided by the Excessive Fines Clause of the Eighth Amendment applicable to the states under Timbs v. Indiana? 2. Did the lower court properly rule tha…
Cases / Georgia / June 13, 2023

Factoring in Family: Considerations of Parenthood in the Assessment, Enforcement and Collection of Legal Financial Obligations
Factoring in Family: Considerations of Parenthood in the Assessment, Enforcement and Collection of Legal Financial Obligations

This study explores the relationship between monetary punishment and parenthood from the perspectives of court and community corrections professionals. The authors rely on data fro…
Research & Data / Georgia, Minnesota, Missouri, New York / February 23, 2023
Brittany T Martin, Kimberly Spencer Suarez, Andrea Giuffre, Timothy G Edgemon, Veronica Horowitz

Regressive Revenue Perpetuates Poverty: Why Georgia’s Fines and Fees Need Immediate Reform
Regressive Revenue Perpetuates Poverty: Why Georgia’s Fines and Fees Need Immediate Reform

More than 300 localities in Georgia use revenue from fines and fees to balance their budgets, and 20 percent do so at rates researchers consider high and abusive. Georgians who can…
Research & Data / Georgia / December 06, 2022
Ray Khalfani

In Small-Town Georgia, A Broken Taillight Can Lead to Spiraling Debt
In Small-Town Georgia, A Broken Taillight Can Lead to Spiraling Debt

Georgia is one of the few states that criminalize traffic fines and allow localities to outsource misdemeanor probation supervision to private companies that are permitted to charg…
Media Coverage / Georgia / July 18, 2022
Nick Barber

Justice by Geography: The Role of Monetary Sanctions Across Communities
Justice by Geography: The Role of Monetary Sanctions Across Communities

Although state statutes often dictate the amount of fines and fees imposed, local courts have significant discretion in how they carry out the laws and there is variation between c…
Research & Data / National, Georgia, Illinois, Minnesota, Missouri / July 05, 2022
Gabriela Kirk, Kristina J. Thompson, Beth M. Huebner, Christopher Uggen, and Sarah K.S. Shannon