Welcome to FFJC’s digital library of resources related to fines and fees, also known as the Clearinghouse. Our repository of research and tools is curated and summarized by our Policy and Research team and includes key fines and fees research, litigation, legislation, policy analysis and guidance, and case studies. Use the search features below to find the information you need to drive reform.

E.g., ‘impacts of fines and fees’
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Debt Sentence: How Fines And Fees Hurt Working Families

This report shares the results of a national survey of over 5,600 adults to see how court-imposed fines and fees affect people across the country.

Debt Sentence: How Fines And Fees Hurt Working Families

Diversion Without Debt: Case Studies from Three County Prosecutors Leading Fee Reform
Diversion Without Debt: Case Studies from Three County Prosecutors Leading Fee Reform

Diversion programs offer an early off-ramp from the criminal legal system, providing accountability while reducing recidivism and enhancing public safety. However, the imposition o…
Pilots & Programs, Research & Data / National, Hawaii, Minnesota, Virginia / January 27, 2026
Amy Dallas, Prophet Pride, and Mona Sahaf

Locked In, Priced Out: How Prison Commissary Price-Gouging Preys on The Incarcerated
Locked In, Priced Out: How Prison Commissary Price-Gouging Preys on The Incarcerated

Prison commissaries nationwide are exploitative and inconsistent in their pricing. The Appeal underwent a nine-month investigation to collect commissary prices and markups from 46…
Research & Data / Minnesota / April 17, 2024
Elizabeth Weill-Greenberg and Ethan Corey

Fines, Fees, and Families: Monetary Sanctions As Stigmatized Intergenerational Exchange
Fines, Fees, and Families: Monetary Sanctions As Stigmatized Intergenerational Exchange

The impacts of monetary sanctions extend far beyond those directly receiving them, often burdening families and entire communities. But unlike the well-documented effects of incarc…
Research & Data / Minnesota / April 10, 2024
Veronica L. Horowitz, Ryan P. Larsonb, Robert Stewart, and Christopher Uggen

Understanding the Landscape of Fines, Restitution, and Fees for Criminal Convictions in Minnesota
Understanding the Landscape of Fines, Restitution, and Fees for Criminal Convictions in Minnesota

In Minnesota, being charged and convicted of a crime can lead to a number of consequences, including arrest, incarceration, or probation, in addition to the often less visible fina…
Research & Data / Minnesota / August 01, 2023
Kelly Lyn Mitchell

Predatory Fines and Fees: Revenue, Fiscal Contrition, and Policy Change
Predatory Fines and Fees: Revenue, Fiscal Contrition, and Policy Change

Some local jurisdictions are beginning to grapple with the social costs and individual harms associated with monetary sanctions and how they can become less reliant on them. This r…
Research & Data / Minnesota, Tennessee, Texas / July 27, 2023
Karin D. Martin

Tyler v. Hennepin County, Minnesota, et al.
Tyler v. Hennepin County, Minnesota, et al.

In a unanimous opinion, the U.S. Supreme Court holds that local governments seeking forfeiture of property as compensation for a public debt may not profit from it beyond the amoun…
Cases / Minnesota / May 25, 2023

Factoring in Family: Considerations of Parenthood in the Assessment, Enforcement and Collection of Legal Financial Obligations
Factoring in Family: Considerations of Parenthood in the Assessment, Enforcement and Collection of Legal Financial Obligations

This study explores the relationship between monetary punishment and parenthood from the perspectives of court and community corrections professionals. The authors rely on data fro…
Research & Data / Georgia, Minnesota, Missouri, New York / February 23, 2023
Brittany T Martin, Kimberly Spencer Suarez, Andrea Giuffre, Timothy G Edgemon, Veronica Horowitz

The Cost of Parking: A Preliminary Analysis of Parking Tickets Data in Austin, Minneapolis, and Portland
The Cost of Parking: A Preliminary Analysis of Parking Tickets Data in Austin, Minneapolis, and Portland

Parking tickets can serve as an entry point to the criminal legal system when left unpaid, causing lifelong financial burdens. Additional consequences include suspended driver’s li…
Research & Data / Minnesota, Oregon, Texas / January 25, 2023
Livia Mucciolo, Fay Walker, and Aravind Boddupalli

Justice by Geography: The Role of Monetary Sanctions Across Communities
Justice by Geography: The Role of Monetary Sanctions Across Communities

Although state statutes often dictate the amount of fines and fees imposed, local courts have significant discretion in how they carry out the laws and there is variation between c…
Research & Data / National, Georgia, Illinois, Minnesota, Missouri / July 05, 2022
Gabriela Kirk, Kristina J. Thompson, Beth M. Huebner, Christopher Uggen, and Sarah K.S. Shannon

What is Wrong with Monetary Sanctions? Directions for Policy, Practice, and Research
What is Wrong with Monetary Sanctions? Directions for Policy, Practice, and Research

Each year tens of millions of people are assessed fines, fees, and other costs stemming from their contacts with the criminal legal system, ranging from felony convictions to traff…
Explainers, Research & Data / California, Georgia, Illinois, Minnesota, Missouri, National, New York, Texas, Washington / January 23, 2022
Brittany Friedman, Alexes Harris, Beth M. Huebner, Karin D. Martin, Becky Pettit, Sarah K.S. Shannon, Bryan L. Sykes