Welcome to FFJC’s digital library of resources related to fines and fees, also known as the Clearinghouse. Our repository of research and tools is curated and summarized by our Policy and Research team and includes key fines and fees research, litigation, legislation, policy analysis and guidance, and case studies. Use the search features below to find the information you need to drive reform.

E.g., ‘impacts of fines and fees’
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Debt Sentence: How Fines And Fees Hurt Working Families

This report shares the results of a national survey of over 5,600 adults to see how court-imposed fines and fees affect people across the country.

Debt Sentence: How Fines And Fees Hurt Working Families

Statewide Court Appearance Project Final Report: Recommendations to Address Court Appearance Issues in North Carolina
Statewide Court Appearance Project Final Report: Recommendations to Address Court Appearance Issues in North Carolina

Missing a court appearance can result in a myriad of consequences including jail booking and license revocations, and an increased strain on limited court and law enforcement resou…
Research & Data / North Carolina / May 25, 2025

Estimating Earnings Impact of Driver’s License Revocations in North Carolina
Estimating Earnings Impact of Driver’s License Revocations in North Carolina

In North Carolina, a driver’s license can be revoked for failure to pay court ordered monetary obligations and failure to appear in court. Millions of people rely on their licenses…
Research & Data / North Carolina / May 09, 2024

When the Dollars Don’t Add Up to Sense
When the Dollars Don’t Add Up to Sense

Over the past 20 years, North Carolina has increased its reliance on fines and fees as a revenue source. At the same time, the legislature has implemented regressive tax policies t…
Research & Data / North Carolina / November 03, 2023
Lindsey Bass Patel and Angie Weiss Gammell

Waiving Criminal Court Fees Prevents Harms of Civil Debt
Waiving Criminal Court Fees Prevents Harms of Civil Debt

North Carolina law allows judges to order the conversion of financial obligations to civil judgments. Although doing this may protect justice-involved people from driver’s license…
Research & Data / North Carolina / October 05, 2023
Rochelle Sparko, Peter Smith, Whitley Carpenter, Laura Webb, & Heather Hunt

Civil Rights and Equity of Legal Financial Obligations in North Carolina
Civil Rights and Equity of Legal Financial Obligations in North Carolina

Each state has an advisory committee on civil rights composed of members with diverse backgrounds, skills, and experiences that advise the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights on civil…
Research & Data / North Carolina / August 28, 2023
The North Carolina Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights

The Impact of Criminal Financial Sanctions: A Multi-State Analysis of Survey and Administrative Data
The Impact of Criminal Financial Sanctions: A Multi-State Analysis of Survey and Administrative Data

This multi-state study assesses outcomes related to recidivism, employment, expenditures, mental well-being, and household spillovers. Researchers specifically analyzed how increas…
Research & Data / National, Florida, Michigan, North Carolina, Texas, Wisconsin / August 10, 2023
Keith Finlay, Matthew Gross, Carl Lieberman, Elizabeth Luhand, and Michael Mueller-Smith

Auto-Jubilee: A Case for Massive Automatic Driver’s License Restoration for Debtor-Suspendees
Auto-Jubilee: A Case for Massive Automatic Driver’s License Restoration for Debtor-Suspendees

Driver’s license suspension is increasingly employed as a punitive measure for non-driving offenses such as failure to appear or failure to comply with court orders, includin…
Research & Data / North Carolina / February 01, 2023

North Carolina Court Appearance Project
North Carolina Court Appearance Project

In North Carolina, nonappearance for a court case can lead to driver’s license suspension, an order for arrest, and jail time. Nearly 250,000 court appearances are missed annually…
Research & Data / North Carolina / April 22, 2022

Spiraling Criminal Debt
Spiraling Criminal Debt

North Carolina in recent decades moved to a user- fee model allowing courts to impose any number of fines and fees when a criminal case is resolved through a plea or verdict. If a…
Research & Data / North Carolina / March 08, 2022
Brandon L. Garrett

Johnson v. Goodwin
Johnson v. Goodwin

Johnson v. Goodwin (Formerly Johnson v. Jessup)  Case No. 1:18-cv-00467 (M.D. N.C. 2022) On March 3, 2022, a federal court accepted a settlement in this class action lawsuit brough…
Cases / North Carolina / March 03, 2022