Welcome to FFJC’s digital library of resources related to fines and fees, also known as the Clearinghouse. Our repository of research and tools is curated and summarized by our Policy and Research team and includes key fines and fees research, litigation, legislation, policy analysis and guidance, and case studies. Use the search features below to find the information you need to drive reform.

E.g., ‘impacts of fines and fees’
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Debt Sentence: How Fines And Fees Hurt Working Families

This report shares the results of a national survey of over 5,600 adults to see how court-imposed fines and fees affect people across the country.

Debt Sentence: How Fines And Fees Hurt Working Families

Silver Sanctions: Legal Financial Obligations in an Aging Population
Silver Sanctions: Legal Financial Obligations in an Aging Population

Researchers have historically overlooked how aging populations experience non-carceral sanctions, such as fines and fees, within the criminal legal system. This study examines how…
Research & Data / Washington / June 01, 2025
Kate K. O’Neill & Alexes Harris

Legal Financial Obligations in Washington’s Courts: Final Report to the Legislature
Legal Financial Obligations in Washington’s Courts: Final Report to the Legislature

Funded by a 2023 budget bill the Washington State Center for Court Research was tasked to study the state’s system of legal financial obligations (LFOs), this report analyzes the i…
Research & Data / Washington / December 01, 2024
Karl Jones, Lindsey R. Beach, Amanda B. Gilman, Wei Wang, Carl McCurley, Brandon Morande, and Adam Visokay

People in WA Prisons Pay Millions in Fees. Most of It Isn’t Being Used
People in WA Prisons Pay Millions in Fees. Most of It Isn’t Being Used

The Washington Department of Correction manages an “Incarcerated Individual Betterment Fund,” which is funded by fees collected from incarcerated people. Although the fund is inten…
Media Coverage / Washington / September 03, 2024
Grace Deng

The Burden of Court Debt on Washingtonians
The Burden of Court Debt on Washingtonians

The majority of Washingtonians assessed legal financial obligations (LFOs) meet state indigency standards, and their low payment rates suggest their debts are uncollectible. In Was…
Research & Data / Washington / January 02, 2023
Maria Rafael

State of Washington v. Eyman
State of Washington v. Eyman

Issue Whether courts must consider a person’s ability to pay a fine when determining whether the fine is excessive under the Excessive Fines Clause of the U.S. Constitution and the…
Cases / Washington / December 06, 2022

Legal Financial Obligations in Washington State: Final Report
Legal Financial Obligations in Washington State: Final Report

Washington state code refers to 376 unique criminal legal financial obligations (LFOs) that stem from misdemeanors, gross misdemeanors, or felony convictions. The Washington State…
Research & Data / Washington / December 01, 2022

Traffic Enforcement: Strategies Needed to Achieve Safety Goals
Traffic Enforcement: Strategies Needed to Achieve Safety Goals

In March 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, traffic enforcement by the King County Sheriff’s Office declined, but by mid 2020 returned to a higher level in jurisdictions with offi…
Research & Data / Washington / June 14, 2022
Justin Anderson, Grant Dailey, and Brooke Leary

The Price of Justice: Legal Financial Obligations in Washington State
The Price of Justice: Legal Financial Obligations in Washington State

Utilizing survey responses from key stakeholders, the Washington State Minority and Justice Commission’s report gathers insights into the current landscape of policies and practice…
Pilots & Programs, Research & Data / Washington / January 25, 2022
Cynthia Delostrinos, Michelle Bellmer & Joel McAllister

What is Wrong with Monetary Sanctions? Directions for Policy, Practice, and Research
What is Wrong with Monetary Sanctions? Directions for Policy, Practice, and Research

Each year tens of millions of people are assessed fines, fees, and other costs stemming from their contacts with the criminal legal system, ranging from felony convictions to traff…
Explainers, Research & Data / California, Georgia, Illinois, Minnesota, Missouri, National, New York, Texas, Washington / January 23, 2022
Brittany Friedman, Alexes Harris, Beth M. Huebner, Karin D. Martin, Becky Pettit, Sarah K.S. Shannon, Bryan L. Sykes

It’s Time To Reform Washington’s Harmful System Of Fines And Fees
It’s Time To Reform Washington’s Harmful System Of Fines And Fees

People with low incomes, disabilities, and Black, Indigenous, and  People of Color (BIPOC) shoulder much of the harm from the legal financial obligations (LFOs) levied in  Washingt…
Explainers, Research & Data / Washington / January 18, 2022
Evan Walker and Andy Nicholas