Welcome to FFJC’s digital library of resources related to fines and fees, also known as the Clearinghouse. Our repository of research and tools is curated and summarized by our Policy and Research team and includes key fines and fees research, litigation, legislation, policy analysis and guidance, and case studies. Use the search features below to find the information you need to drive reform.

E.g., ‘impacts of fines and fees’
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Debt Sentence: How Fines And Fees Hurt Working Families

This report shares the results of a national survey of over 5,600 adults to see how court-imposed fines and fees affect people across the country.

Debt Sentence: How Fines And Fees Hurt Working Families

State of Iowa v. Pagliai
State of Iowa v. Pagliai

Issue Holding Facts Ronald Pagliai was charged in four separate cases for shoplifting. As part of a single plea agreement to resolve the cases, Pagliai agreed to plead guilty in tw…
Cases / National / January 20, 2026

Ellinburg v. United States
Ellinburg v. United States

Issue Holding Background  Court’s Reasoning Outcome The judgment of the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit was reversed and the case remanded for further proceeding…
Cases / National / January 20, 2026

People v. Kopp
People v. Kopp

Issue Holding Background CA Supreme Court’s Reasoning Outcome The court ordered the judgment of the Court of Appeal reversed with directions to remand the matter to the superior co…
Cases / California / December 29, 2025

Priced Out of Freedom: Fees, Fines, and Representation in Parole & Probation Revocation
Priced Out of Freedom: Fees, Fines, and Representation in Parole & Probation Revocation

Whether someone is appointed counsel in a probation or parole hearing is nuanced and varies widely depending on the jurisdiction in which they’re located. This is especially challe…
Research & Data / National / December 02, 2025

Our Anemic Excessive Fines Clause: Are State Courts Following the Federal Lead?
Our Anemic Excessive Fines Clause: Are State Courts Following the Federal Lead?

The Supreme Court’s 2019 decision in Timbs v. Indiana was hailed by many as a watershed moment for a more expansive use of the Eight Amendment’s Excessive Fines Clause. Although Ti…
Research & Data / National / March 18, 2025
Michael M. O’Hear

Paying for the Right to Counsel: National Survey Findings on the Practice of Charging Public Defense Fees to Clients
Paying for the Right to Counsel: National Survey Findings on the Practice of Charging Public Defense Fees to Clients

The Sixth Amendment guarantees the right to counsel, and the Supreme Court has held that the Sixth Amendment requires states to provide a lawyer if a defendant cannot afford one. H…
Research & Data / National / January 23, 2025
Jennifer A. Tallon, Sruthi Naraharisetti, Viet Nguyen, Lisa Bailey Vavonese, and Michael Mrozinski

City of Grants Pass v. Johnson 
City of Grants Pass v. Johnson 

Issue Does the Eighth Amendment’s Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause prohibit municipalities from enforcing generally applicable laws regulating sleeping and camping on public pro…
Cases / National / June 28, 2024

State v. Gibbons
State v. Gibbons

Issue 1. Whether a law that imposed a $5,000 mandatory minimum fine without regard to the defendant’s ability to pay, is facially unconstitutional under the Excessive Fines Clause…
Cases / Montana / March 20, 2024

Fant et al. v. City of Ferguson
Fant et al. v. City of Ferguson

Case No. 4-15-CV-00253-AGF| Settled February 27, 2024 Claims at Issue: In a class action complaint filed on February 8, 2015, the plaintiffs, nine class representatives who had bee…
Cases / Missouri / February 27, 2024

Post-Ferguson Class Action Suits Challenging Fine and Fee Schemes in Missouri
Post-Ferguson Class Action Suits Challenging Fine and Fee Schemes in Missouri

Post-Ferguson Class Action Suits Challenging Fine and Fee Schemes in Missouri   In 2014, when a police officer in Ferguson, Missouri shot and killed Michael Brown, the City of Ferg…
Cases, Explainers / Missouri / February 12, 2024