Welcome to FFJC’s digital library of resources related to fines and fees, also known as the Clearinghouse. Our repository of research and tools is curated and summarized by our Policy and Research team and includes key fines and fees research, litigation, legislation, policy analysis and guidance, and case studies. Use the search features below to find the information you need to drive reform.

E.g., ‘impacts of fines and fees’
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Debt Sentence: How Fines And Fees Hurt Working Families

This report shares the results of a national survey of over 5,600 adults to see how court-imposed fines and fees affect people across the country.

Debt Sentence: How Fines And Fees Hurt Working Families

Hidden Price of Justice: Fines and Fees in DC’s Criminal Legal System
Hidden Price of Justice: Fines and Fees in DC’s Criminal Legal System

The use of criminal legal fines and fees to to fill state and local budgetary gaps has deep roots in a history of anti-Black racism. That history is evident in Washington, DC where…
Research / District of Columbia / June 25, 2024
Michael Johnson Jr.

Civil Assessments: The Hidden Court Fee That Penalizes Poverty
Civil Assessments: The Hidden Court Fee That Penalizes Poverty

California allows courts to charge a civil assessment fee of up to $300 to people who miss a deadline to pay or appear in court. An estimated 300,000 people receive civil assessmen…
Research / California / March 14, 2022

Why Inequitable And Burdensome Court-Issued Fines And Fees Are A Health Issue—And What Health And Policy Leaders Can Do About It
Why Inequitable And Burdensome Court-Issued Fines And Fees Are A Health Issue—And What Health And Policy Leaders Can Do About It

Social determinants like court debt can negatively influence an individual’s health. Through healthcare hotspotting, the Rutgers Law School/Camden Coalition, Medical-Legal Pa…
Explainers, Pilots & Programs, Research / New Jersey / October 01, 2021
Puja A. Upadhyay, Ashley D. Maddison, Jeremy S. Spiegel, & Donald M. Berwick

Crimsumerism: Combating Consumer Abuses in the Criminal Legal System
Crimsumerism: Combating Consumer Abuses in the Criminal Legal System

Increasingly, criminal legal system debt is owed not only to the state, but also to a vast network of private companies profiting from the criminalization of poverty and communitie…
Research / April 07, 2021
Alex Kornya, Danica Rodarmel, Brian Highsmith, Mel Gonzalez, Ted Mermin

Pay Unto Caesar: Breaches of Justice in the Monetary Sanctions Regime
Pay Unto Caesar: Breaches of Justice in the Monetary Sanctions Regime

In this report, the authors analyze how people in the court system think about monetary sanctions with regard to constitutional, retributive, procedural and distributive justice. U…
Research / December 07, 2020
Mary Pattillo and Gabriela Kirk

Flattened: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Knocked Financially Insecure Alabamians on their Backs and Widened the Racial Prosperity Gap
Flattened: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Knocked Financially Insecure Alabamians on their Backs and Widened the Racial Prosperity Gap

Between May and September 2020, Alabamaba Applesseed and partners surveyed 389 financially insecure Alabamaians. The authors documented how daily lives and financial circumstances…
Research / Alabama / December 01, 2020

Who Does America Want?
Who Does America Want?

This paper details the fines and fees imposed on people for traffic offenses in Connecticut, South Carolina, Florida, and Georgia, and immigration-related fees imposed on people se…
Research / Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina / October 19, 2020
Jarienn James, New York Law School

Cited for Being in Plain Sight: How California Policies Being Black, Brown, and Unhoused in Public
Cited for Being in Plain Sight: How California Policies Being Black, Brown, and Unhoused in Public

This report is a detailed analysis of non-traffic infraction data from California which shows that minorities are cited at higher rates than White people.
Research / California / September 21, 2020
Elisa Della-Piana, Tifanei Ressl-Moyer, Tori Larson, Cecilia Bermudez, Kiana Herold, Khalid Samarrae, and Sam Lew

Case Studies in Indiana Community Corrections Fines and Fees
Case Studies in Indiana Community Corrections Fines and Fees

The experiences of four people involved in court-ordered community service programs in Indiana highlight the costs people are expected to pay and the variation of costs assessed be…
Research / Indiana / August 13, 2020
Community Corrections Fines and Fees Project

Ankle Monitors Are Replacing Cash Bail, But At A Cost
Ankle Monitors Are Replacing Cash Bail, But At A Cost

This article discusses how people who are court-ordered to participate in electronic monitoring bear the burden of the program costs and the risk of being jailed for nonpayment.
Research / National / May 10, 2020
Jack Karp